BiTS Fellows
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Roslyn Bill
Aston UniversityMapping the brain’s plumbing system to identify the valves that control CNS fluid flow, developing a “statin-for-the-brain” framework to halt swelling and delay neurodegeneration, moving beyond symptom management to target root causes, with potential to reduce the global burden of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s.
Roslyn Bill is Aston University's 50th Anniversary Professor of Biotechnology. She obtained her degrees in Chemistry from Oxford University and is an international authority on aquaporin (AQP) water channels. Her team discovered how water enters the brain after injury through AQP4 and identified a licensed medicine that can prevent it. She was awarded an ERC Advanced Grant in 2023 and is a founding member of the AQP sub-committee of IUPHAR/Guide to Pharmacology.
Jo Melville
IndependentDeveloping the first comprehensive dataset of microbial life in the deep subsurface, studying the effects of human activity on the subsurface microbiome, and developing breakthrough applications of anaerobic enzymes, organisms, and metabolisms in biotech, biomanufacturing, subsurface energy, carbon management, and environmental remediation.
Jonathan “Jo” Melville was a Fellow at ARPA-E in the US Department of Energy from 2022–2024, where he developed and managed over $100 million in high-risk grants for green steel production, synthetic fuels, and geologic hydrogen. He holds a PhD in chemistry from MIT and a bachelor’s degree from UC Berkeley. He is from San Francisco, California.
Sven Truckenbrodt
MRC Laboratory of Molecular BiologyDecoding the brain’s molecular blueprint to inspire radically more efficient computational hardware and help us parse memory and disease. The brain is 1 million-fold more energy efficient than human-engineered computation, and expansion microscopy now lets us map its circuits and their synaptic logic gate architecture.
Sven Truckenbrodt is working on how the brain’s molecular hardware produces cognition. Sven has helped build next-generation brain mapping technology as Lead Scientist Molecular Connectomics at E11 Bio, one of the world’s first Focused Research Organizations. He is now a group leader at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, UK.
Ananth Kumar
Bind ResearchBuilding a comprehensive open RNA resource mapping non-coding RNA structure, chemical modifications, interactions and function, creating the infrastructure to enable an “AlphaFold moment” for RNA to discover novel therapeutic targets, decode RNA molecular architecture and uncover circuitry underlying genome evolution.
Ananth Kumar is an entrepreneurial scientist and policy nerd. He obtained his PhD in Biological Science from the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology as a Gates Cambridge Scholar, and was a HFSP long-term fellow at Yale University working on non-coding RNAs. Outside of science, he enjoys cricket, Japanese sword fighting and reading fiction.
Karim Brohi
Queen Mary University of LondonBuilding a human-anchored discovery engine to map the early innate immunity cascades triggered by inadequate perfusion, developing “survival therapeutics” deliverable in prehospital settings, targeting first-in-human proof-of-concept for trauma haemorrhage, with applications across stroke and cardiac emergencies.
Karim Brohi is a trauma surgeon and director of the Centre for Trauma Sciences at Queen Mary University of London. He was a founder of the London Major Trauma System and its director for a decade until May 2025. His research focuses on improving survival after major trauma, focusing on the first minutes and hours after injury.
Inga Van den Bossche
University of OxfordDesigning multiplex, conditional RNA therapeutics that deliver multiple modes of action within a single delivery vehicle, creating an entirely new therapeutic category of drugs designed against immune states rather than individual targets, for autoimmune and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases.
A Materials Engineer turned Bioengineer, exploring the intersection of bits and atoms through nucleic acids for therapeutic applications.
Alex Araki
IndependentValidate non-invasive composite biomarkers for chronic pain by combining AI-enabled neurophysiology with molecular sequencing. If successful, it enables precise diagnosis, mechanism-based treatment matching, and non-opioid drug development. The final exam: regulatory submission of the biomarker as a patient stratifier in a Phase 2 clinical trial.
Araki is a chronic pain patient who’s spent the past decade in chronic disease drug discovery. He founded Artemis, a philanthropic startup for uterine-ovarian disease, and led multi-million-dollar drug programs at Gordian Bio. He trained at Yale and UW–Madison with fellowships from Emergent Ventures, Fifty Years, and Pillar VC.
Arzhang Ardavan
University of OxfordBuilding practical devices from individual molecules to enable 100–1000x more energy-efficient information processing, proving basic building blocks with two demonstrators (spin-based quantum technologies and a single-molecule biosensor) while establishing the tooling to make them manufacturable.
Arzhang Ardavan completed his BA and D.Phil at Corpus Christi College, Oxford, in experimental condensed matter physics. He held a Royal Society University Research Fellowship from 2003 to 2012 and has been Professor in Physics at Oxford since 2015. His multidisciplinary research combines physics with strong collaborations in chemistry and world-leading research activities internationally.
Nazila Kamaly
Imperial College LondonDeveloping the first systemic, non-viral, scalable, biodegradable, responsive and programmable nanoparticle platforms capable of crossing the blood–brain barrier to deliver curative genetic payloads for rare paediatric brain diseases, removing the need for neurosurgery and invasive injections.
Dr Nazila Kamaly is an Associate Professor in Synthetic Biomaterials and Nanomedicine at Imperial College London. She has held postdoctoral and instructor positions at MIT and Harvard Medical School. She leads a multidisciplinary research group developing bioinspired nanomaterials for targeted nucleic acid and drug delivery. With over 100 publications, 15,000 citations and an h-index of 36, she has a proven track record in securing cross-sector collaborations and has secured over £16M research funding to date.
Dean Thomas
University of GlasgowEstablishing a national “printing press for chemistry” platform where researchers submit digital experimental designs for automated execution, generating standardised, reproducible datasets to power next-generation AI models and closed-loop science, positioning the UK at the forefront of autonomous chemical research.
Dean is a Research Fellow at the University of Glasgow specialising in Digital Chemistry. He completed his PhD at the University of Manchester, focusing on fuelled artificial molecular machines. Since joining the Cronin Group, he has developed autonomous synthesis platforms, prioritising safe handling of hazardous materials and integration into fully automated chemical manufacturing workflows.
Agata Nyga
Mechanome BioCreating the first physics-informed lung atlas linking tissue mechanics to molecular signatures at population scale, enabling early detection of chronic lung diseases decades before irreversible damage, and unlocking a new therapeutic class of mechanotherapeutics for COPD, fibrosis and cancer.
Agata Nyga, PhD, is an academic-turned-entrepreneur with over 15 years of experience in bioengineering and mechanobiology. She has led research projects at leading international institutions and authored more than 30 peer-reviewed publications. She is now CEO and Founder of Mechanome Bio, developing a platform for mapping and modulating the mechanical states of cells and tissues.
Artem Mishchenko
University of ManchesterBuilding the world's first ImageNet-scale experimental dataset for quantum materials, powered by an autonomous AI-robotics foundry. Combines a multi-agent AI prediction engine, a robotic lab and an open database to boost data generation by 1000x and produce over 1 million datapoints in three years.
Artem Mishchenko is a condensed matter physicist at the University of Manchester. He studies quantum effects in atomically thin materials, combining advanced experiments with AI to rapidly discover new electronic, magnetic and optical properties.
Jan Jedryszek
Technical University of MunichEngineering a fully synthetic cell from first principles requires new tools, standards, and infrastructure. An open source, universal synthetic cell others can build upon can help turn biology from a craft into an engineering discipline. It can make biotech safer, more programmable, reproducible, and useful for medicine, industry, and discovery.
Jan Jedryszek is a PhD student in Physics at the Technical University of Munich and the Max Planck School Matter to Life. His research focuses on assembling synthetic cells into prototissues and enabling their molecular communication across vascular networks. He cofounded Aster Bioelectronics and was part of Evolvere Biosciences (YC S24). Previously, he worked at the European Space Agency (ESA), developing biological mining methods for Martian and Lunar regolith. He is a 2025 O’Shaughnessy Ventures Fellow.
Shahaf Peleg
FBN DummerstorfEngineering metazoans to harness the energy of light and translate it to chemical energy in their mitochondria, a radical approach to extending healthy lifespan by fundamentally altering basic metabolism and breaking the human 120-year lifespan barrier.
Shahaf Peleg received his PhD from the University of Göttingen, where he was part of the International Max Planck Research School of Neuroscience. His laboratory at the FBN Dummerstorf seeks to better understand the molecular changes associated with the progression of aging. He is co-founder of Luminova Biotech and an advisor to the Thalion initiative.
Jerome Unidad
Developing autonomous bioreactor systems for micro-gravity bioproduction, leveraging the unique conditions of low Earth orbit to manufacture high-value biologics at scale, bridging frontier space infrastructure and industrial biotechnology.
Jerome Unidad, PhD, is a technologist-entrepreneur with a career spanning hardware engineering, fluid transport, materials science, applied physics and biotechnology. At Xerox PARC, he developed biomedical devices, biosensors, cleantech and additive manufacturing. As founder of Centeon, he led efforts to develop cost-competitive bioproduction of ammonia. He is now working with Renaissance Philanthropy to advance global capabilities for space biomanufacturing.
Joe Meyerowitz
Field FoundryOpening a new frontier for bio-based chemical manufacturing by learning to understand, predict, and steer complex microbial communities. By developing tools and applications for robust microbial cooperation in varied environments and feedstocks, we can create cost-competitive commodity and precursor molecules at global scale.
Joe Meyerowitz is an engineer and serial founder focused on bio-based chemical manufacturing with Field Foundry, based in London. He holds a PhD in Biophysics from Caltech, did postdoctoral work at the Francis Crick Institute. He has worked on several DARPA programs, is an angel investor, and co-founded the now-acquired cybersecurity firm Expanse.
Ida Tin
Femtech AssemblyBuilding continuous, real-time monitoring of all four key female sex hormones, creating the sensing infrastructure to transform women’s health from reactive symptom management to precise, data-driven care across fertility, menopause and hormonal conditions.
Ida Tin is the former CEO and Chair of Clue, the most trusted female health app with over ten million users in 190+ countries. Tin coined the term “Femtech” in 2016, defining a sector projected to exceed a trillion dollars by 2040. She is now director of Femtech Assembly, a think tank connecting women’s health investment to broader economic development.
Alexander German
University of Erlangen–NurembergDeveloping techniques for safely inducing dormancy states — from natural hibernation strategies and cryopreservation by vitrification to hypothermia and hypometabolism — with applications in biomedical research, organ transplantation and emergency medicine.
Alex is a clinician-scientist at University Erlangen–Nuremberg exploring medical hibernation. He has initiated research on cryopreservation of the nervous system, resulting in the first report of near-physiological recovery of adult mouse hippocampus after vitrification. He is also advancing translation as a founder of Hiber. His background spans medicine, neurology, medical imaging and mathematics.
Antonia Schmalz
SPRINDDesigning market-shaping mechanisms to accelerate the commercialisation of nuclear fusion, building the funding structures, supply-chain strategies and policy frameworks needed to bridge fusion from breakthrough physics to viable energy infrastructure.
Antonia Schmalz works at SPRIND, the German Federal Agency for Disruptive Innovation. Her work focuses on market shaping for nuclear fusion, designing mechanisms to bridge the gap between breakthrough physics and commercial energy deployment.
Vasyl Mykytiuk
Francis Crick InstitutePioneering structured, trainable biological processors inspired by brain circuits, creating a new paradigm for energy-efficient, adaptive computing with applications in autonomous robotics, next-generation AI and adaptive control across industries.
Vasyl is a neuroscientist at The Francis Crick Institute in London, where his research explores how neural circuits integrate sensory information and motivational states to drive behaviour. He holds an MSc in Neuroscience from the International Max Planck Research School in Göttingen and a PhD from UCL and the Crick. Beyond the lab, Vasyl leads the Crick Science Entrepreneur Network, a 3,800-strong community connecting scientists, founders, investors and corporates across the UK.
Achim Harzheim
StealthEstablish universal techniques to translate complex biological states such as protein conformations into electronically readable signals. Specifically, utilise engineered proteins that can convert target analyte binding events into electrical signals to create a generalisable biosensor platform enabling preventive, real-time multimarker monitoring.
Achim is a scientist at the intersection of physics and biotech. Following a PhD studying nanoscale thermoelectric phenomena, he developed MEMS sensors and resonators, then joined a startup integrating engineered proteins with a semiconductor platform for direct-readout biosensing. He currently works on protein based continuous in vivo biosensing.
Anna-Lena Schindl
Positron VenturesBuilding a new institutional model to identify and incubate scientific talent that falls outside conventional academic structures, closing the gap between overlooked human creativity and the paradigm-shifting research the world needs.
Anna-Lena works with Positron Ventures, assisting scientists in turning breakthroughs into successful companies. After studying physics and working in several early-stage startups, she built the Fraunhofer AHEAD program as a platform for scientists to transform their research into investable startups. She has also been involved in initiatives focused on reimagining the future of higher education.
Iuma Martinez
GiscapetownMapping and monitoring mine tailings using scalable sensing systems to improve safety and unlock critical mineral recovery. Integrating radar and spectral sensing enables three-dimensional characterisation of subsurface structure, moisture, and material domains, transforming tailings from poorly understood risks into valuable and manageable resources.
Iuma Martinez is a geoscientist and remote sensing specialist developing scalable sensing systems for mining and subsurface characterisation. Her work integrates radar and spectral approaches to support critical mineral recovery, tailings safety, and emerging resource systems, bridging terrestrial and space-relevant applications.
Graham Lederer
JatawareDeveloping open infrastructure to extract, standardise, and model geoscience data contained in borehole logs, geophysical surveys, geochemical analyses, and geologic maps. By training physics-constrained foundation models, public archives can be transformed into AI tools for predicting the Earth’s subsurface.
As a geologist, Graham’s research focuses on mapping critical mineral resources and supply chains. During his decade with the USGS, he helped define mineral criticality and led the DARPA-funded CriticalMAAS program. He holds a PhD from UC Santa Barbara and was a postdoc at MIT.
Ronen Tamari
Cosmik / ATProto ScienceBuilding infrastructure to transform social networks into research networks: integrating modular research tools, social networking protocols, and AI to enable large-scale collaborative science, broadening who can meaningfully contribute and unlocking new collective capacity to tackle “wicked problems” beyond the reach of current institutions.
Ronen is a collective intelligence researcher and entrepreneur. He completed an Open Science fellowship at the Astera Institute, and is a co-founder of multiple metascience startups and initiatives, including Cosmik and ATProto Science. Ronen holds a PhD in AI from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
Rachel Dutton
Independent ResearcherBuilding predictive models to understand how food-derived bioactives shape human biology, enabling more precise clinical trials, targeted nutrition interventions, and new strategies for disease prevention and treatment.
Rachel Dutton is a microbiologist known for her work on microbial ecology and fermented foods. She has led academic labs at Harvard and UC San Diego and has spent recent years working across startups and nonprofit research organisations to build new models for scientific discovery and translation.
Joseph Meany
Interstellar Research GroupDiscovering new structures and materials for the long-term protection of developing space-based infrastructure. Launch cadence is growing every year, increasing the threat of space debris. New shielding to protect space assets can improve the economic outlook for space development and accelerate it on a new course.
Joseph Meany is President of the Interstellar Research Group, a nonprofit dedicated to deep exploration of the cosmos. He is a technical consultant in materials science, advising on over $500 million in high-risk research programs. He received his PhD in Chemistry from The University of Alabama.
Mal Graham
NYU / Wild Animal InitiativeCoordinating development of environmentally safe, humane, and demonstrably effective rodent fertility control compounds and delivery mechanisms for island conservation, agriculture, and urban management — opening the door to better human–wildlife coexistence and wildlife disease prevention.
Researching urban wildlife welfare as a postdoctoral associate at NYU’s Department of Environmental Studies, Mal also serves as Strategy Director (on sabbatical) at Wild Animal Initiative, board member for the Arthropoda Foundation, and represents WAI on the National Academies’ Roundtable for Animal Welfare.
Agustín Pardo Van Thienen
WumboxBuilding a living atlas of early-childhood brain development that links neurodevelopmental signals to behavioural indicators, enabling scalable digital tools to identify learning risk early and support timely intervention.
Agustín Pardo Van Thienen is founder and CEO of Wumbox, where he builds AI-driven, evidence-based tools for early identification of learning risk, scalable digital screening, and intervention pathways. His work has reached more than five million beneficiaries in over 20 countries, particularly in underserved communities.
Zack Li
UC BerkeleyOpening new frontiers in experimental science with shared silicon infrastructure, unlocking a new order of magnitude in moving sensor data into compute and AI. Scaling software-defined sensing to transform every field where discovery is bottlenecked by how much of the physical world we can observe at once.
Zack Li is an astrophysicist on a mission to measure the entire Universe. He coordinates science at UC Berkeley for LuSEE-Night, the first telescope on the lunar farside (landing 2027). He previously chased echoes of the Big Bang during his PhD at Princeton University.
Jerzy Szablowski
Rice UniversityDeveloping an alternative drug discovery pipeline that can reduce reliance on animal models and accelerate development of new therapeutics at lower cost. There are thousands of unsolved diseases — this program aims to transform how cures are found.
Jerzy Szablowski is an Assistant Professor of Bioengineering at Rice University, where his laboratory develops noninvasive methods to control and monitor living tissue. He is the co-founder and CEO of Imprint Bio and a recipient of the Packard Fellowship, NIH Director’s New Innovator Award, and DARPA Young Faculty Award. He holds a PhD from Caltech and an SB from MIT.
Chris Ganje
Cambridge Centre for Science and PolicyBuilding an adaptive immune system for the age of engineered biology: developing a screening engine that identifies dangerous biomolecules by function rather than resemblance, and deploying safeguards across synthesis providers, benchtop devices, autonomous labs, and AI biodesign tools as bioengineering scales up.
Chris Ganje has spent nearly two decades bridging frontier technology, public policy, and global security. He co-founded and scaled AMPLYFI, a venture-backed deep tech company, and led disruptive technology assessment and European energy technology policy at BP. He is a member of DARPA’s Switch Policy Working Group, an Innovate UK Council Member, and a Fellow at Cambridge University’s Centre for Science and Policy.
Maryam Ziaei
iSono Health / ARPA-HDecoding the brain–ovary–gut network — the interconnected hormonal and metabolic signalling system that governs women’s health. By mapping how these axes interact, NEXUS will transform early detection and personalised treatment of PCOS, metabolic dysfunction, and osteoporosis affecting 50+ million American women.
Maryam is a healthcare innovator passionate about closing gaps in women’s health. A Stanford PhD and Y Combinator alumna, she founded iSono Health (world’s first FDA-cleared AI wearable for breast health) and led technology commercialisation at ARPA-H, translating breakthrough science into real-world impact.
Ryan Chaban
ARPA-EHarnessing plasmas to enable selective activation of stable molecules (N2, CO2, CH4) under mild conditions, replacing heat with targeted excitation. Enabling distributed, flexible production of commodity chemicals with dramatically lower — or negative — emissions, and fundamentally redesigning reaction pathways to electrify and decentralise the chemical industry.
Ryan Chaban is a Fellow at ARPA-E where he has developed, selected, and managed projects for over $100 million in high-risk, high-impact research in materials, fusion, and fission technologies. He holds a BSE in Engineering Physics from CWRU and a PhD in Physics from William & Mary for experimental work on the DIII-D tokamak, the largest operating fusion reactor in the US.
Liyam Chitayat
MITEngineering mitochondria as a programmable interface with human biology. By controlling their transfer between cells, writing new genes into their genome, and enabling them to deliver cargo, this program builds a platform to treat complex disease and push the limits of human performance.
Hertz Fellow and PhD candidate at MIT. Her background is in Synthetic Biology and Biodefence. She helped establish the Israeli equivalent of DARPA’s Biological Technologies Office and the Israeli Chapter of Nucleate, and is a Fellow at Johns Hopkins Center for Public Health.
Celestine Schnugg
Boom CapitalBuilding a new medical foundation through disease-specific biobanks, beginning with JPS. By integrating high-quality multi-omics data with AI and global expertise, shifting healthcare toward early detection, prevention, and breakthrough treatments that enable lasting cures.
Celestine “Cee Cee” Schnugg is a venture capitalist and founder operating at the nexus of technology, science, and impact. As Founding Managing Partner of Boom Capital, she backs frontier innovation across space, AI, and bioscience, while advancing Project Atlas to transform disease detection, prevention, and cure.
Masaki Umeda
SORA TechnologyDeveloping self-acting climate adaptation systems that integrate digital twins, continuous data assimilation, and unmanned platforms to sense, predict, and act in real time, so that people can be located, reached, and supported even during rapidly evolving climate disasters.
Masaki Umeda is Vice CEO and Director of SORA Technology, leading drone-centred autonomous systems for climate and health risks across Africa and beyond, working with governments, donors, and communities to translate environmental intelligence into real-world action.
Rotem Gura Sadovsky
Corundum Systems BiologyDeveloping technology to measure and clear microplastics from the human body — addressing a mounting public health crisis as plastic production grows and microplastic accumulation becomes ubiquitous across the planet.
Leading research programs in microbiome drug development and personalised medicine, Rotem brings expertise in biomedical data and biomarker discovery, and has supported fundraising of $200M for early-stage startups. He is currently the head of data strategy at a Tokyo-based biotech VC, and holds a PhD in computational and systems biology from MIT.
Jeremy Knopp
Developing adaptive robotic welding systems that integrate real-time sensing, materials-aware AI, and closed-loop control to shape weld properties during formation, prevent defects, augment skilled labour, and enable data-driven certification while advancing physically intelligent manufacturing.
Jeremy S. Knopp is a technology executive specialising in dual-use innovation across defence, space, and critical infrastructure. A former U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory Program Officer in Tokyo, he integrates advanced technologies across the Indo-Pacific, combining expertise in engineering, statistics, and international partnerships to accelerate deployment of high-impact systems.
Quico Toro
Anthropocene InstituteInvestigating whether artificially reoxygenating low-oxygen ocean zones could preserve fixed nitrogen lost through denitrification, boost the ocean’s biological carbon pump, and unlock a new gigaton-scale CDR pathway.
Leading Anthropocene Institute’s push to develop gigaton-scale phytoplankton carbon solutions in the subtropical Pacific, Quico is a Tokyo-based journalist turned climate technologist who writes the ecomodernist substack One Percent Brighter and is the author of Charlatans.
Hide-Fumi Yokoo
Hitotsubashi UniversityEstablishing a low-energy reclamation industry that bypasses high-heat smelting to restore functionality of critical raw materials. By integrating digital traceability and validation, creating a sustainable, efficient downstream supply chain for manufacturing in an era of accelerating electrification and robotics.
Fumi is an Associate Professor of Environmental Economics at Hitotsubashi University, specialising in waste management and climate policy in Asia. Previously, he was a senior researcher at the Material Cycles Division, NIES. He also actively contributes to Japanese government policymaking and implementation.
Max Kanwal
Stanford UniversityDeveloping a multimodal system to infer psychological well-being from passive physiological, behavioural, and environmental data. Enabling a scalable measurement framework beyond self-report, analogous to a continuous glucose monitor for mood, to make well-being tractable and guide technologies and policies toward long-term human flourishing.
Max Kanwal is a Neuro/AI PhD student at Stanford University developing closed-loop control algorithms for brain–computer interfaces. A Fellow at the Foresight Institute, he holds a BS in EECS and Mathematics from UC Berkeley and collaborates across academia, startups, and venture capital to advance neurotechnology for human well-being.
Richard (Rickey) Egan
Enabling the continuous, modular biomanufacturing of critical generic medicines by aligning technical innovations with regulatory frameworks to deliver sustainable, cost-competitive production at scale.
Richard (Rickey) Egan is a project manager and senior research scientist at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, where he leverages principles of chemical engineering, synthetic biology, and nanomedicine to overcome hard problems in pharmaceutical drug delivery and biomanufacturing.
Emi Furukawa
OISTDeveloping a cyber-physical system integrating digital, medical, public health, and community supports to deliver continuous, personalised child behavioural health care. An AI-driven, reinforcement-informed architecture connecting online and offline resources, guiding families, reducing barriers, and enabling scalable support beyond specialist-dependent models.
Emi Furukawa is a clinical psychologist and Senior Staff Scientist at OIST. Her work focuses on ADHD reinforcement processes and scalable, community-embedded behavioural supports, integrating behavioural science, digital tools, and participatory design to build accessible, culturally adaptive interventions for children and families.
Masataka Watanabe
University of TokyoDeveloping a callosal-dissecting BMI to bridge biological and artificial hemispheres. By establishing the “Subjective Test of Consciousness,” aiming to provide the first empirical proof of machine consciousness, enabling future neural replacement therapy and digital immortality.
Masataka Watanabe is a University of Tokyo associate professor specialising in consciousness. As the architect of the “Subjective Test of Consciousness” and patented BMI inventor, he integrates theoretical modelling with invasive electrophysiology to bridge biological and artificial minds for future digital immortality.